Cold+War-The+Early+Years

Cold War: The Early Years

**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War]from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**


 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS
 * United Nations formed after WWII
 * Russia, United States, China, Great Britain, and France were given veto power.
 * The purpose of the UN was to try to settle disputes between nations peacefully through compromise so that violence would not be needed.
 * **CONTAINMENT
 * A policy implemented by the United States in 1947 in response to communism
 * It was meant to prevent the growth and limit the influence of hostile countries.
 * Doing so through political, economic, and diplomatic methods.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg height="218" caption="George Kenean"]] ||  ||
 * George Kenean ||  ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
 * On March 12, 1947 Harry S. Truman laid out this foreign policy.
 * Gave the U.S. an active role in containing the spread of communism around the world
 * The U.S. gave 400 million dollars to Grease and Turkey to boost their economies so they would not fall victim to the communism Russia was trying to get them to fall into.
 * **THE MARSHALL PLAN
 * Secretary of State, George C. Marshall, thought that the United States should grant financial aid to countries in need to prevent the spread of communism.
 * The plan helped stabilize Europe, preventing the spread of communism.
 * 17 European countries received funds, the money helped to restore industry, agriculture, and trade.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:marshall.jpg align="center" caption="marshall.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT
 * Western allies decided to merge their parts of Germany into a new democratic German nation.
 * Berlin, the nations capital, was controlled by the Soviets so democratic German was surrounded by communism.
 * The Soviet Union blockaded all routs to Western Berlin, in attempt to force the allies out.
 * The Berlin Airlift was the only thing that allowed the people to survive the 11 month blockade
 * Massive amounts of essential supplies was flown into Berlin by British and U.S. forces.
 * 75 British and American pilots were lost during the time period. Constant harassment from Soviet fighter pilots.
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
 * The U.S. and its European allies thought that increasing their military size and being politically united would discourage the Soviets from attacking.
 * They formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Nato). Each member would treat an attack of an allied nation as an attack on itself.
 * Signed by Great Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, United States, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway, and Portugal. Grease, West Germany, Turkey, and Spain joined later.
 *  In retaliation the Soviet Union signed the Warsaw Pact with its allies.
 * || [[image:turningpoints2010:nato.png height="286" align="center" caption="nato.png"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC
 * The Red Scare was a widespread irrational hysteria and fear of communism that swept the United states after WWI and in the late 40's and early 50's.
 * Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were tried for espionage, spying and providing Russia with information about the atomic bomb. The case took place at the height of the 2nd red scare.
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * After a Civil war in China between the Communists and the anticommunist Nationalists, Mao Zedong became the head of the new Communist China.
 * Americans saw the takeover as a step in the Communists plot to take over the world. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA** * After a Civil war in China between the Communists and the anticommunist Nationalists, Mao Zedong became the head of the new Communist China.
 * Americans saw the takeover as a step in the Communists plot to take over the world. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** || || ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM
 * Joseph McCarthy was a Republica senator from Wisconsin.
 * He tried to use the Korean War to spread America's fears of communism.
 * McCarthy said that he had a list of 205 State Department officials who belonged to the Communist Party, even though none of these claims were proven
 * The term McCarthyism came to stand for reckless charges against innocent citizens
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE
 * The superpowers began a space race in 1957
 * Soviet Union had launched the first satellite into orbit, showing that the Soviet Union had missiles powerful enough to reach the United States.
 * Government set aside a billions of dollars for space research in order for the U.S. to obtain a satellite and missiles.